In a murine model of disseminated infection, the addition of granulocyte (G)-CSF to amphotericin B was associated with improved survival (Table 4).137 Survival of cases where G-CSF has been used has been reported.45,82,138 The addition of GM-CSF to posaconazole reduced the burden of infection in some organs in a murine model of disseminated infection but had no impact on survival.139 As such, where available, G-CSF/GM-CSF can be recommended as adjunct therapy for the treatment of L. prolificans infection, particularly in those cases of prolonged neutropenia (Table 4). This evidence concerns the gene CSF3 and infection.