For instance, it has been demonstrated that the activation of the trigeminovascular system, leading to the release of vasoactive neuromodulators, including the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin, the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), and nitric oxide (NO), is involved in the pathophysiology of migraine and its progression to chronic migraine (Raggi et al. 2024). Here, CALCA is linked to migraine disorder.