Compared with controls, GCA-affected temporal arteries showed higher levels of CD90, FAP, PDPN and CD248 in the adventitia and intima (higher levels of CD90 and FAP in the media–intima and inner intima; higher levels of PDPN and CD248 in the media–intima), and isolated higher expression of α-SMA in the intima (both media–intima and inner intima) (Fig. 1A–C). Here, ACTA1 is linked to temporal arteritis.