GPBAR1 and steatosis: These results parallel earlier discoveries documented by Gillard et al. (36), who demonstrated that administering DCA to foz/foz mice on a HFD restored bile acid levels in portal blood, increased TGR5 and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling, ameliorated dysmetabolic conditions, prevented steatosis and hepatocellular ballooning, and decreased macrophage infiltration (36).