DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Although the canine model has been used to test drug therapy (Barraza-Flores et al., 2019; Kornegay et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2004), cell therapy (Sampaolesi et al., 2006), exon-skipping therapy (Echigoya et al., 2017; Yokota et al., 2009), microdystrophin gene therapy (Birch et al., 2023; Le Guiner et al., 2017; Shin et al., 2013; Yue et al., 2015), dystrophin-independent gene therapy (Kodippili et al., 2024; Song et al., 2019) and CRISPR editing therapy (Amoasii et al., 2018; Hakim et al., 2021), our understanding of canine DMD models remains limited.