NFKB1 and neoplasm: In addition to inducing apoptosis, QRT also modulates inflammatory pathways, primarily by inhibiting transcription factors like NF-κB and COX-2, both of which play a role in sustaining chronic inflammation in the tumour microenvironment and by reducing the activity of these inflammatory mediators, QRT mitigates pro-inflammatory cytokine production, thereby limiting the immune evasion and metastatic potential of cancer cells [117].