Meanwhile, the effects of HCC exosomes on the induction of CD8+ T-cell (Figure 2F, S2A) and CD4+ T-cell (Figure S2B-C) exhaustion could be reversed by SB225002 treatment, as evidenced by the restoration of effector molecules IFN-γ and TNF-α, and exhaustion molecules PD-1 and Tim3. Here, CD4 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.