Compared to naïve mBMDNs, HCC exosome-reprogrammed mBMDNs significantly promoted the formation of tumor nodules (Figure 4D-E), increased the expression of PD-1 and Tim3, and reduced the expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in liver-infiltrating CD8+ T cells (Figure 4F-G) and CD4+ T cells (Figure S5C-D). Here, TNF is linked to neoplasm.