S100A4 and glioblastoma: Moreover, the endothelial plasticity driven by EndMT, marked by the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin), FSP1 (fibroblast-specific protein 1), N-Cadherin, and SNAI2, has been associated with the emergence of chemoresistance in malignant cells, including resistance to temozolomide and anti-VEGF antibodies in glioblastoma 24.