TNF and central precocious puberty: Taken together, these results showed that PD acts through modulation of different mediators: pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, TNFα) involved in CPP mediated inflammation, chemochines (IL-8, CCL-23) and growth factors (VEGF) involved in leukocyte migration also through the endothelial cell activation and permeabilization.