Within hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) intensifies astrocyte activation and promotes the secretion of IL-1β by astrocytes via the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway and activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes (56). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is perinatal asphyxia.