Evaluation of numbers of pan-cytokeratin+ CD45− cells (CTCs) revealed a range of 6–58 CTCs/ml in untreated patients with vulvar cancer (Fig. 1B; orange dots) and a range of 1-115 CTCs/ml in untreated patients with cervical cancer (Fig. 1B; green dots). This evidence concerns the gene PTPRC and cervical carcinoma.