In conclusion, our data are not only instrumental in dissecting the mechanism of IL-12/IL-23-specific immunomodulation of AD by identifying its cellular targets, namely oligodendrocytes and neurons, and by linking myelin changes with the capacity of microglia to phagocytose Aβ; they also highlight the potential of an IL-12/IL-23 targeted immunotherapy in AD. The gene discussed is IL23A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.