However, despite these interventions, a substantial subset of patients still experiences disease recurrence and progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a lethal form of the disease that arises when tumor cells acquire the ability to proliferate despite systemic androgen depletion.2 CRPC is characterized by the persistent activation of androgen receptor (AR) signaling, despite pharmacological suppression with AR-targeted agents such as enzalutamide and abiraterone. This evidence concerns the gene AR and neoplasm.