While the subcutaneous injection of NSCLC cells followed by intratumoral administration of TIMM23 shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus (shTIMM23-AAV) provided a valuable platform for assessing the effects of TIMM23 on NSCLC cell growth in vivo, it is crucial to acknowledge that this model may not fully recapitulate the complex in vivo environment of lung cancer. Here, TIMM23 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.