TIMM23 knockdown using shTIMM23-3 (see Fig. 5) similarly inhibited proliferation, as assessed by suppressed EdU incorporation, and reduced cell migration in primary human NSCLC cells from independent patients (pNSCLC-2 and pNSCLC-3) and immortalized A549 cells (Fig. 6H and I). Here, TIMM23 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.