In another study using an RCT design, cognitively normal older adults with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (age: ≈ 70 years, n = 28) completed 6 months of aerobic exercise or stretching (control) to examine the effects of PA on cognition, insulin sensitivity and cardiorespiratory fitness [38]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus.