Potentially, the beneficial versus detrimental effects depend on whether the corresponding study investigates effects specifically on amyloid or tau pathology in vitro or in animal models (Sayed et al, 2018; Haass, 2021; Jain et al, 2023) or on AD risk in general, as done in genetic studies (Deming et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2024). The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.