VEGFA and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: To explore human translation, we conducted a case–control study on Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) youth treated with chronic glucocorticoids (n=24) relative to healthy controls (n=13) to explore the association of PDGF-BB, VEGF, angiogenin concentration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations as surrogates of POCs (CD14+/Stro-1−/CD105−), skeletal progenitor cells (SPCs: Stro-1+/CD105+/CD14−/CD45−), and endothelial/hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+/CD14-/Stro-1−/CD105−) and CE140b mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) to fracture.