S100A4 and central nervous system cancer: In gliomas, which are characterized by limited T cell infiltration and abundance of immunosuppressive myeloid cells that contribute to therapy resistance (119), depleting S100A4 in stromal cells is sufficient to reprogram the immune microenvironment and increase CD4 and CD8 T cell infiltration, enhance macrophage phagocytosis, and result in significant survival extension (15).