Induced by hyperglycemia, the NF-κB signaling pathway mediates the activation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs), resulting in valvular calcification and dysfunction, which significantly contributes to the exacerbation of valvular calcification in patients with T2DM suffering from aortic stenosis (AS) (119). Here, NFKB1 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.