It was shown that increased O-linked N-acetylglucosamine modification (O-GlcNAcylation) of STAT3 upregulated the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, while downregulating the level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and aggravating colitis in mice (133). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.