GPT and diabetes mellitus: In multivariable-adjusted models, including age, sex, BMI, smoking status, alcohol intake, physical activity, SBP, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, AST, ALT, and FPG, per SD increment of total SCFAs and total BCFAs (especially isovaleric acid) was positively associated with incident diabetes among the overall population, with odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.08 (1.00–1.17) for total SCFAs, 1.10 (1.02–1.19) for total BCFAs, and 1.10 (1.01–1.19) for isovaleric acid, respectively.