EDN1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Although many molecular pathways related to PAH, such as endothelin-1 dependent (Pulido et al., 2013), prostacyclin-mediated (Tuder et al., 1999), vascular calcium channels (Sitbon et al., 2005) and nitric oxide driven pathways (Tonelli et al., 2013) have been extensively studied and applied to alleviate patients’ pain, overall mortality in PAH patients has not significantly changed (Shah et al., 2022).