To counteract these harmful signals, cells possess various DNA sensors, including Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA-dependent activators of IRFs, IFI165, and RNA polymerase III; however, only TLR-9, AIM2, and cGAS have been adequately characterized, while the others remain unverified (Hu et al., 2022[2]). The gene discussed is CGAS; the disease is melanoma.