CHRNA4 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Our previous work has shown that CVP neurons in T2DM exhibit reduced nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) currents and N-type voltage-gated calcium currents, which result in compromised neuronal function and increased susceptibility to arrhythmogenesis (Liu et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2022).