Interestingly, in this study, GSP was found to upregulate the phosphorylation level of AKT1 in L929 cells, a previous study has also demonstrated that GSP can target PAQR3 to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway and restore the insulin signaling pathway (Xiao et al., 2022), suggesting that GSP may be a potential candidate for diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.