Specifically, in NSCLC it was found that UCHL1 promoted pemetrexed-based chemotherapy resistance via the upregulation of thymidylate synthase (Ding et al., 2020) and in breast cancer drove doxorubicin resistance through the stimulation of free-fatty acid production (Lu et al., 2021). Here, TYMS is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.