UCHL1 and cancer: In colorectal cancer (CRC) (Zhong et al., 2012), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Kim et al., 2008), neuroendocrine carcinoma (Liu et al., 2024), lymphoma (Hussain et al., 2010), gastric cancer (Gu et al., 2015), and ER+ and triple-negative breast cancer (Mondal et al., 2021), UCHL1 has been reported to function as an oncogene, while in contrast, in nasopharyngeal (Li et al., 2010), hepatocellular (Yu et al., 2008), and prostate (Ummanni et al., 2011) cancers, it has been described as a tumor suppressor.