SQSTM1 and HIV infectious disease: Compared to HIV infection alone, DEX treatment had no effect on autophagy, and rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, significantly increased LC3B (0.19 ± 0.23 vs. 0.5 ± 0.27; p = 0.02) and decreased p62 levels (0.1 ± 0.16 vs. −0.14 ± 0.14; p = 0.005) (Figure 4A–C).