The aim of this cross-sectional observational study is to comprehensively analyze the independent determinants of circulating TMAO and resistin levels in individuals with obesity and to investigate their associations with CIMT and a broad spectrum of metabolic parameters, including BMI, bioimpedance parameters, lipid profile abnormalities, glycemic control—fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, and insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). This evidence concerns the gene RETN and obesity disorder.