We observed that treatment with DDS (40 mg/kg) induced the expression of IL-1β, IL-17 and IL-4 but reduced the production of BDNF, which suggests that DDS induces an inflammatory and oxidative process in these tissues and can even lead to anxiety and depression in animals by negatively interfering with BDNF signaling pathways. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is major depressive disorder.