Ginsenoside Rg5:Rk1 derived from Panax ginseng exhibits potential anti-AD properties by suppressing the nuclear factor kappa B (NF–κB)/p38 MAPK/signal transducer and by serving as an activator of transcription 1 signaling in TNF–α/IFN–γ-stimulated HaCaT cells and LPS-stimulated macrophages [46]. Here, TNF is linked to Alzheimer disease.