Xue et al. found that AFB1 and FB1 exposure levels were significantly higher in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases (median: 1.77 pg/mg albumin for AFB1 and 176.13 pg/mgcreat for FB1) than in controls (median: 1.49 pg/mg albumin for AFB1 and 56.92 pg/mgcreat for FB1), which was significantly associated with an increased risk of ESCC in the local area [101]. Here, ALB is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.