Probiotics such as Lachnospiraceae, B. bifidum, A. muciniphila, L. plantarum, and L. lactis have been extensively studied and have been shown to increase SCFAs, improve the intestinal mucosal barrier, degrade mucin, inhibit the NF-κB pathway, have anti-obesity effects, inhibit the progression of atherosclerosis, and decrease inflammatory mediators [70]. Here, MUC5AC is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.