Nevertheless, impairments in insulin-mediated glucose uptake in peripheral tissue [23,24], insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose output [24], insulin release [25], and the incretin axis between the gut and pancreas [26] (reinforcing the impairment of β-cell function and enhancing glucagon production) are common to both T2DM and PTDM. This evidence concerns the gene GCG and type 2 diabetes mellitus.