TNF and ischemic stroke: In the present study, we have spatio-temporally characterized the expression of the most commonly used markers of cellular senescence after an episode of ischemic stroke and found the following: (1) significant increases in the expression of the cell cycle arrest marker p16; (2) clear-cut identification of SA-β-gal accumulating in the infarcted brain tissue; (3) significant increases in the expression of the SASP markers IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF; (4) significant increases in the expression of Chk1 and Chk2; and (5) a significant reduction in LB1 levels.