TGFB1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We observed that JAK-STAT, Notch, TGFβ, Hedgehog, and WNT signaling pathways were all affected negatively by the tested compounds but to varying degrees, and regulatory changes in these signaling pathways have all been shown to be involved in the disease process in COPD [95,96,97,98,99,100].