HIF1A and cancer: Therefore, we hypothesize that the ‘PI3K-Akt Signaling Pathway’, ‘Chemical carcinogenesis-receptor activation’, ‘Proteoglycans in cancer’, ‘HIF-1 signaling pathway’, ‘PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer’, and ‘Central carbon metabolism in cancer’ may play critical roles in BO’s anticancer activity against breast cancer.