GATA4 and cardiac hypertrophy: According to Fang et al., an elevated cAMP level in HL-1 cardiomyocytes results in an increased expression of DNMT3a and global DNA methylation, leading to an increased expression of proteins (e.g., Gata4, Mef2c, Nfatc1, Myh7) related to cardiac hypertrophy [45].