INS and Obesity: The results of this study suggest that exposure to maternal PCOS was associated with increased ovarian volume and 2 h insulin in daughters at all Tanner stages, and testosterone, post-stimulated LH, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentrations were higher in daughters at Tanner stages IV and V. Furthermore, the authors of a large, nationwide cohort study of 1,097,753 births found that maternal PCOS or anovulatory infertility increases the risk of obesity in offspring independent of sex and fertility treatment, with it being associated with diabetes diagnosis in female offspring only [57].