Key pathways include chemical carcinogenesis—reactive oxygen species, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, glucagon signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, metabolic interconversions, FOXO signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, cholesterol metabolism, NF-κB signaling pathway, and ferroptosis, among others. The gene discussed is GCG; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.