NFKB1 and endothelial dysfunction: Furthermore, in vitro studies have shown that overexpression of miR-34a-5p in ECs exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and vascular injury by affecting NF-κB-mediated expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 through targeting SIRT1 under OSS, while it reversibly affects these expressions under high SS (HSS) [57].