HPGDS and colorectal carcinoma: In addition, changes in drug metabolism contribute to resistance, with CRC cells increasing the inactivation or degradation of drugs through upregulated expression of enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes [46,47].