Here, we investigated the activation and transcription of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB after E. coli infection and evaluated the destructive effect of 4-PBA on colitis in E. coli-infected mice and the impact of 4-PBA-FMT gut microbiota on E. coli-infected mice based on their vital signs, colon tissue integrity, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is colitis.