For example, the attenuated live vaccine strain TC-83 of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) causes ROS accumulation and mitochondrial damage in astrocytoma cells, recruits Drp1 to mitochondria to induce mitochondrial fission, and Mdivi-1 inhibits Drp1 activity to suppress the caspase cascade reaction, demonstrating that mitochondrial fission contributes to apoptosis [99]. The gene discussed is DNM1L; the disease is astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).