TBK1 and Nephropathy: In addition, TBK1 negatively regulates immunoglobulin (Ig)A class switching by attenuating non-classical NF-κB signaling; moreover, B-cell-specific TBK1 deficiency leads to aberrant antigen-induced IgA, elevated steady-state concentrations of serum IgA, and nephropathy-like symptoms in aged mice [69].