In children, PAE increases serum levels of the chemokines eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) while causing a specific profile of other cytokines that are associated with neurodevelopmental delay in the same children: inhibition of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1β, also known as CCL4), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC or CCL22) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-4 or CCL13) and activation of C-reactive protein (CRP) [8]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL4 and pulmonary artery enlargement.