VEGFA and neoplasm: TAF is essential in tumor progression and metastasis and differs from other fibroblasts by their matrix synthesizing capability as they are able to produce more factors that support tumor growth and angiogenesis including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) [29].