PKM and hepatocellular carcinoma: Based on in vitro models of HCC-LM3 and SK-Hep-1 hepatoma cells, along with assays for cell survival, migration, colony formation, DNA damage repair, and the expression of glycolysis-related proteins (e.g., GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR, p-mTOR, GLUT-1/3, and PKM2), Huang et al. showed that the p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratio of HCC increased after radiotherapy.