In the ophthalmology field, our recent studies showed that both FABP4 and FABP5 are secreted into vitreous fluid and that their levels were significantly and differently correlated with retinal vascular diseases (RVDs) such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO), which are known to be caused by diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HT), respectively [9,10,11,12]. This evidence concerns the gene FABP5 and diabetes mellitus.