Moreover, the integration of biomarkers, including urinary indicators (e.g., neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL] and kidney injury molecule-1 [KIM-1]) or plasma markers (e.g., cystatin C), in conjunction with CVP assessments could potentially augment early identification and improve the risk stratification of AKI [60]. This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and acute kidney injury.