CTLA4 and cancer: Apart from currently used ICIs such as CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1, along with combination therapies, AI can assist in the development of new immunological therapies, such as cytokine modulating therapies, cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T and CAR-natural killer (NK) cells, personalized cancer vaccines, and genetic engineering tools such as CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing of T cells to enhance their effector function [94,297].